Whisky distilled at a single distillery, blended scotch whisky a blend of one or more single malt. Shinji fukuyo, yoshio myojo, in whisky second edition, 2014. A number of highquality, singlegrain scotch whiskies are made in a single distillery, from unmalted grains most often barley, corn or wheat. After discovering that the 18th century distillery produced a range of unpeated, peated and triple distilled whiskies, it set out to do the same for the modern scotch era. Recently however, there has been more of an interest.
The scotch whisky act 1988 prohibits inter alia the production in scotland of. Grain whisky is whisky made from any grains, including but not limited to wheat and corn. Single grain whiskies have there own different styles and are now highly prized by the whiskey enthusiast. The main feature of grain whisky distilleries are their large capacities with an average of over 50m litres. The making of malt whisky the origins of malt whisky distilling in scotland. Glasgow distillery company release marks resurgence of. In addition there has been a greater uptake of bioenergy production at grain whisky distilleries aided by their larger scale. However, other cereals might also have potential for use in grain distilleries and ethanol production. Whether the malt is produced on traditional malting floors or in an industrial malting, it is transported into the malt silo either with oldfashioned drag conveyors or with modern conveyor screws or a blower system. Kilningkilning in this process the grains are spread on ain this process the grains are spread on a perforated, tilted floor with a furnaceperforated, tilted floor with a furnace underneath.
The glasgow distillery company, established in the south of the city in 2012, has launched its glasgow 1770 single malt triple distilled release no. Scotch whisky must be made in a manner specified by law. The glasgow distillery company release marks resurgence of. Thats scotch whisky 10, 12, 16 or more years before its poured into your glass. Mashing which produces wort sugar solution from ground or crushed malt. Grain whisky distilleries in scotland may not have the same appeal as malt whisky distilleries to tourists and whisky aficionados, however they have played a critical role in the success of the scotch whisky industry. Grain scotch whisky to the rich, fruity and smooth characteristics of a well matured. Blends have dominated the scotch industry for over a century, and continue to do so today. In the scotch whisky the grain are roasted within the scotch whisky the grain are roasted with peat fire thus imparting peaty aroma to scotch. Production process for scotch whisky whiskyinvestdirect. Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the production of whiskey. Scotch grain whisky is usually made from 1020% malted barley and then other unmalted cereals such as maize or wheat. Malt whisky is made from malted barley only, while grain whisky is made from malted barley. This paper presents economic facts and figures about scotlands brewing and distilling sectors, with the objective of aiding policy scrutiny and developments in these sectors.
Flow diagram of scotch malt whisky production distillation and maturation. For a whisky to be labelled scotch whisky it has to be produced and matured in scotland for a minimum of three years. We believe this will be the year that grain whisky breaks into the mainstream and gains the recognition it deserves. While malt whisky must be 100% malted barley, grain whisky can be made from any cereal grain such as wheat or corn. It was a long road from the grain to the glenlivet.
The higher the content of rye spicier are the whisky notes. Kirin produces grain and malt whiskies at their fuji gotanba distillery. In this particular entry, it documents that cor was given eight. By law, scotch whisky must be distilled and matured in scotland using only three raw materials cereals, water and yeast1.
These whiskies tend to be less rich and flavoursome than their maltbased counterparts, and are often distilled in continuous column stills, instead of copper pot stills which are used to make single malts. The scotch whisky industry presents an interesting historical case study of industrial organization. It differs from malt whisky in that malt whisky has to be made from malted barley only. There are only seven scotch grain whisky distilleries in scotland and at an average capacity of 59 million litres of pure alcohol lpa they are significantly larger than the average malt distillery of 3 million lpa. As of 2018, there were 3 scotch whisky distilleries operating in scotland all scotch whisky was originally made from malted barley. In the production of malt scotch whisky the basic raw materials are limited and consist of barley, water and yeast. The malt silos of a distillery are closed airtight but, depending on the air humidity, malt can only be stored for 4 to 12 weeks in a silo.
The mashing and fermentation processes are similar to those used for malt whisky. According to the scotch whisky act, new make spirit must be. In scotch grain whisky production, maize was the tra this contrasts with the gelatinization temperature range ditional grain of choice until it was effectively. Had that really happened, there seems little doubt that becks would have got his knighthood by now. Blended whisky has been the cornerstone of the industry for so long because it is cheaper to produce than single malt whisky. This is in comparison to the pot stills used for malt whisky where everything needs to be produced in batches and is only distilled to 6070%. Distilled using any cereal grain including wheat, maize, oats or rye. Tennessee whiskey, however, must be made in tennessee rye whiskey, on the other hand, doesnt necessarily have to be made in the united. While many malt whisky distilleries bottle some of their production for sale as single malt the product of one distillery, most of the scotch whisky consumed. Bottler is it bottled by the distiller ob or by an independent bottler ib. Grain whisky is by far the most important form of scotch whisky in terms of alcohol production, and comprises about 60 per cent of the total alcohol produced by the scotch whisky industry. The exchequer rolls were records of all royal income and expenses. This large proportion of alcohol is produced by a very small number of grain distilleries. Scotch malt whisky is fermented from malted barley and the resulting alcohol.
Grain whisky gets distilled to neutral, so very high proof 95%abv in continuous stills, sometimes called column or coffey stills. Malt scotch whisky is fermented from malted barley and the resulting alcohol. Single malt, single grain, blended, blended malt and blended grain. In 2015, blended scotch whisky accounted for 70% of exports by value and 90% by volume. The reason is, blended whisky contains grain whisky as well as malt whisky and grain whisky is. Scotch malt whisky must use 100% malted barley and be distilled in a pot still. Brewing and distilling in scotland economic facts and. Malt whisky which is made by the pot still process and grain whisky which is made by the patent still or coffey still process. All of these brands share the distinctive qualities of scotch whisky, which set them apart from.
Alcoholic beverages analytical profile of scotch whiskies. Note distillers dark grains with solubles ddgsappendix 1 outlines the inputs, process flows and product outputs involved in malt and grain scotch whisky production estimated output of scotch whisky distillery byproducts. For both malt and grain whiskies, production must adhere to the. Type is it a single malt, blended malt, grain, rye, corn, blended or liqueur whisky. Although there are only around 100 scotch whisky distilleries in scotland, there are thousands of different brands of scotch whisky each with its own character. Scotch grain whisky is whisky distilled from either wheat, corn, rye or barley, as opposed to being distilled exclusively from malted barley.
The germination is halted by heating, and yeast is added to ferment the sugary mixture. Loch lomond distillery is the only one in scotland to combine single malt and grain production on one site and combines the two to produce a whisky it calls a single blend typical character and style of grain scotch whisky. However, all whiskeys contain malted barley in small amounts. In scotland this includes small amounts of malted barley in combination with another grain. The city of glasgow historically had a vibrant whisky producing sector, but by the 21st century only one distillery, making grain whisky, remained. When plans for david beckhambacked grain whisky haig club were unveiled in 2014, david gates, brand owner diageos global head of premium core spirits, declared. The scotch whisky industry scherie nicol scotch whisky has been defined in uk law since 1909 and recognised in eu legislation since 1989. How scotch whisky is made from grain to glass youtube. Scotch whisky distillers are very exacting about both the quality and the yield of the barley they use. Scotch mostly contains barley and other whiskeys use barley in combination with wheat, corns, oats, and rye. Scotch whiskies are of two main types, malt whiskies which are made by batch distillation of fermented worts prepared solely from barley malt, and. Grain distilleries and the scotch whisky industry inside.
Scotlands brewing and distilling sectors play a vital role in the scottish economy, permeating many facets of scottish society. In scotland, around 41,000 jobs directly or indirectly rely on the scotch whisky industry. Why single malt whisky is so expensive so expensive. Pdf production of grain whisky and ethanol from wheat. Differences between malt and grain whisky whiskyinvestdirect. Grain whisky is then watered down to 60%abv before being casked. Pdf production of grain whisky and ethanol from wheat, maize. For both malt and grain whiskies, production must adhere to the following 2009 regulations which state that scotch whisky. The starch in the nonmalted cereals is released by precooking and converted into fermentable sugars. Different grains used to make whisky the whiskypedia. Learn about how whisky and whiskey is malted, mashed, fermented, distilled and how wine, bourbon or sherry barrels effect the production process.
See and learn the steps of the malting, the mashing, the distilling, and the maturation in full detail. Grain scotch whisky also has to be made with malted barley but the mash may, and usually does, include 1 scotch whisky regulations 2009. The first written mention of scotch was found scribed on june 1st, 1495 in volume x on page 487 of the exchequer rolls of scotland where it reads to friar john cor, by order of the king, to make aqua vitae viii bolls of malt. The overwhelming majority of scotch whisky consists of malt and grain whiskies mixed together to make a product known as blended scotch whisky. Its history, production and appreciation is an indepth look at the origins of scotch whisky beginning with the development of the art of distillation in antiquity and its evolution through the middle ages leading finally to the birth of whisky in the th century. Estimates of total output of scotch whisky distillery byproducts were calculated for the period 2000 to 2017 based on available industry data. The production processes are based on both scotch grain whisky and bourbon whiskey. The quality of the finished malt whisky starts with the quality of the raw materials barley, water, yeast and spirit caramel. How scotch whisky is made is a film taking you through the production process for scotch malt whisky, grain whisky and blended whisky. Bulk stock of grain scotch whisky produced in the united kingdom uk 20052015 published by nilsgerrit wunsch, aug 21, 2019. In previous decades grain whisky has only been used to give a bit more body to blends, and also to lower the price on blends, as it is cheaper to produce than malt. Over 90% of all scotch whisky sold is blended whisky.
Strict regulations governing the production of single malt scotch whisky dictate that barley is the only permitted grain. Wheat replaced maize as the main cereal raw material for scotch grain whisky production 20 years ago. Production process for scotch whisky scotch whisky is made from cereals which are allowed to begin germination, a process which releases enzymes that turn grain starch into sugar. Though spirits had been distilled in europe for some time, and more. The scotch whisky act quite literally lays down the law about raw materials and the production process. The term single grain whisky has a specific meaning in scotland. Distillery byproducts, livestock feed and bioenergy use. Find out interesting facts around the whisky production. As mentioned, it is used in some usa whiskies, and has largely replaced maize in the production of scotch grain whisky. The type of grain depends on the kind of whisky being produced. However, other cereals might also have potential for use.
Bulk stock of scotch grain whisky 20052015 statista. Many of these are a result of blending single malt and grain scotch whiskies. Distillery what is the name of the distillery if known. Bourbon, the most recognized type of american whiskey, can be produced only in the united states, butcontrary to popular beliefdoes not have to be produced in kentucky, though most of it is.